Precisión y fiabilidad de la medición del índice tobillo-brazo utilizando un dispositivo oscilométrico versus el método Doppler / Accuracy and reliability of ankle-brachial index measurement using an oscillometric device versus the Doppler method

Introducción: la medición del índice tobillo-brazo (ITB) es una prueba de primera línea y con alta precisión diagnóstica para detectar la enfermedad vascular periférica (EVP). El método Doppler, considerado el estándar de oro, requiere del dispositivo y de un operador capacitado, lo que limita su uso en la atención primaria. Como alternativa, un método oscilométrico que emplea un dispositivo de presión arterial automático es una prueba simple y accesible que podría minimizar los sesgos del observador y eliminar la necesidad de capacitación especial. Objetivos: validar la capacidad diagnóstica de un dispositivo oscilométrico automatizado frente al método Doppler para la medición del ITB. Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y 2 (DM1 y DM2), mayores de 50 años, con uno o más factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Luego de que los pacientes permanecieran 5 minutos acostados, se registró la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) con tensiómetro Welch Allyn DS 45-11 y Doppler Vascular Contec Sonoline B 8 Mhz en ambas arterias tibiales posteriores y en arteria braquial derecha. Posteriormente se realizaron los mismos registros con monitor de presión arterial automático modelo Omrom HEM-7130. Se calculó el ITB de cada miembro inferior y las capacidades diagnósticas (sensibilidad [S-, especificidad [E], concordancia por coeficiente kappa, valor predictivo positivo [VPP] y valor predictivo negativo [VPN]) del método oscilométrico para detectar un ITB patológico por Doppler (≤0,90). Resultados: se evaluaron 66 pacientes, 52 varones y 14 mujeres, 7 con DM1 y 59 con DM2, 69 años de edad (DS 9,8), con una antigüedad de la DM de 18,05 años (DS 12,01). La prevalencia de EVP detectada por Doppler (ITB ≤0,90) fue del 16,7% (IC 95% 9,9-23,4). El método oscilométrico para detectar un ITB ≤0,90 por Doppler mostró una S del 72,7% (IC 95% 51,8-93,6), una E del 96,3% (IC 95% 92,4-100), una concordancia del 92,4% (IC 95% 87,5-97,3), un VPP del 80,0% (IC 95% 59,9-100) y un VPN del 94,6% (IC 95% 90,0-99,3). Conclusiones: el alto VPN hallado (condición esencial para un método de screening) significa que si el método oscilométrico da un ITB >0,90, hay un 94,6% de posibilidad de que el ITB por Doppler no sea ≤0,90. El VPP de 80% encontrado significa que si el ITB oscilométrico es ≤0,90, hay un 80% de posibilidad de que el ITB Doppler sea verdaderamente ≤0,90. Por lo tanto, consideramos que la simple medición del ITB con el método oscilométrico podría recomendarse en la atención primaria, donde se requieren métodos rápidos, fáciles y confiables.

Introduction: the measurement of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a first-line test with high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of peripheral vascular disease. The Doppler method, considered the gold standard, requires the device and a trained operator, which limits its use in primary care. Alternatively, an oscillometric method using an automated blood pressure device is a simple and affordable test that could minimize observer bias and eliminate the need for special training. Objectives: to validate the diagnostic capacity of an automated oscillometric device against the Doppler method for ABI measurement. Materials and methods: diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 (DM1 and DM2) patients older than 50 years with 1 or more cardiovascular risk factors were included. After 5 minutes lying down, SBP was recorded with a Welch Allyn DS 45-11 sphygmomanometer and Contec Sonoline B 8 Mhz Vascular Doppler in both posterior tibial arteries and in the right brachial artery. Subsequently, the same recordings were made with an Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor Model Omrom HEM-7130. The ABI of each lower limb and the diagnostic capabilities (sensitivity [S], specificity [E], concordance by kappa coefficient, positive predictive value [PPV] and negative predictive value [NPV] of the oscillometric method to detect a pathological ABI were calculated by Doppler (≤0.90). Results: 66 patients were evaluated, 52 men and 14 women, 7 DM1 and 59 DM2, 69 years old (SD 9.8) with a history of diabetes of 18.05 years (SD 12.01). The prevalence of PVD detected by Doppler (ABI ≤0.90) was 16.7% (95% CI 9.9-23.4). The oscillometric method to detect an ABI ≤0.90 by Doppler showed an S of 72.7% (95% CI 51.8-93.6), an E of 96.3% (95% CI 92.4-100), a concordance of 92.4% (95% CI 87.597.3), a PPV of 80.0% (95% CI 59.9-100) and a NPV of 94.6% (95% CI 90 .0-99.3). Conclusions: the high NPV found (essential condition for a screening method) means that if the oscillometric method gives an ABI >0.90, there is a 94.6% chance that the Doppler ABI is not ≤0.90. The PPV of 80% found means that if the oscillometric ABI is ≤0.90, there is an 80% chance that the Doppler ABI is truly ≤0.90. Therefore, we consider that the simple measurement of ABI with the oscillometric method could be recommended in primary care, where fast, easy and reliable methods are adequate.

Genotype-environment interaction on arterial stiffness: A pedigree-based study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To utilized the baseline data of the Beijing Fangshan Family Cohort Study, and to estimate whether the association between a healthy lifestyle and arterial stiffness might be modified by genetic effects.@*METHODS@#Probands and their relatives from 9 rural areas in Fangshan district, Beijing were included in this study. We developed a healthy lifestyle score based on five lifestyle behaviors: smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), dietary pattern, and physical activity. The measurements of arterial stiffness were brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI). A variance component model was used to determine the heritability of arterial stiffness. Genotype-environment interaction effects were performed by the maximum likelihood methods. Subsequently, 45 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the glycolipid metabolism pathway were selected, and generalized estimated equations were used to assess the gene-environment interaction effects between particular genetic loci and healthy lifestyles.@*RESULTS@#A total of 6 302 study subjects across 3 225 pedigrees were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 56.9 years and 45.1% male. Heritability of baPWV and ABI was 0.360 (95%CI: 0.302-0.418) and 0.243 (95%CI: 0.175-0.311), respectively. Significant genotype-healthy diet interaction on baPWV and genotype-BMI interaction on ABI were observed. Following the findings of genotype-environment interaction analysis, we further identified two SNPs located in ADAMTS9-AS2 and CDH13 might modify the association between healthy dietary pattern and arterial stiffness, indicating that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern might attenuate the genetic risk on arterial stiffness. Three SNPs in CDKAL1, ATP8B2 and SLC30A8 were shown to interact with BMI, implying that maintaining BMI within a healthy range might decrease the genetic risk of arterial stiffness.@*CONCLUSION@#The current study discovered that genotype-healthy dietary pattern and genotype-BMI interactions might affect the risk of arterial stiffness. Furthermore, we identified five genetic loci that might modify the relationship between healthy dietary pattern and BMI with arterial stiffness. Our findings suggested that a healthy lifestyle may reduce the genetic risk of arterial stiffness. This study has laid the groundwork for future research exploring mechanisms of arterial stiffness.

Impact of individual and combined assessment of age- and sex-specific brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and pulse pressure on all-cause mortality / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the impact of individual and combined assessment of age- and sex-specific brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and pulse pressure (PP) on all-cause mortality. Methods: This study is a prospective cohort study. Individuals participated in the Kailuan Study and completed baPWV measurements between 2010 and 2016 were included in this study. After stratifying by sex, 75th percentile baPWV and PP values for different age group were calculated at five years interval. BaPWV and PP values below the 75th percentile were defined as normal, and those above or equal to the 75th percentile were defined as increased. The participants were allocated to four groups according to their PP and baPWV status: normal baPWV/PP group, high baPWV/normal PP group, normal baPWV/high PP group and high baPWV/PP group. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality during the follow-up period. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the impact of individual and combined assessment of baPWV and PP on all-cause mortality events. Results: A total of 39 339 participants were enrolled in this study, aged (49.3±12.8) years, of which 28 731 (73.03%) were males. There were 23 268, 6 025, 6 210 and 3 836 cases in the normal baPWV/PP group, high baPWV/normal PP group, normal baPWV/high PP group and high baPWV/PP group, respectively. The average follow-up duration was (4.98±2.53) years. During the follow-up period, all-cause mortality occurred in 998 individuals. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed increased risk of all-cause mortality in the high baPWV/normal PP group (HR=1.27, 95%CI 1.07-1.50), and in the high baPWV/PP group (HR=1.33, 95%CI 1.08-1.65) compared to the normal baPWV/PP group. Increased pulse pressure alone had no impcat on all-cause death (HR=1.06, 95%CI 0.87-1.29). Conclusions: The risk of all-cause mortality significantly increases with increased age-and sex-specific baPWV and PP values. BaPWV may be a better predictor of all-cause mortality than PP in this cohort.

Doença arterial obstrutiva periférica em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica dialítica na região de Toledo - Paraná: prevalência e fatores de risco / Peripheral arterial disease in patients with dialytic chronic renal failure in the region of Toledo - Paraná: prevalence and risk factors

Introdução: a doença arterial obstrutiva periférica (DAOP) tem alta prevalência na população em geral e está associada a elevado risco de eventos cardiovasculares. O índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB), é um exame simples e não invasivo, com alta sensibilidade e especificidade no diagnóstico de DAOP. A patologia pode estar associada a diversos fatores de risco, entre eles a doença renal crônica terminal. Contudo, os dados que avaliam sua prevalência e fatores de risco na população de doentes renais crônicos são escassos. Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores de risco da doença arterial obstrutiva periférica em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica dialítica. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal, que analisou 117 pacientes com doença renal dialítica. Foram avaliados através de um questionário para identificação dos fatores de risco e submetidos ao teste do ITB, sendo considerado diagnóstico de DAOP quando ITB <0,9. Resultados: o presente estudo evidenciou uma prevalência de DAOP em 11% dos pacientes, sendo 10 classificados como DAOP leve e 3 como moderada. Não foram encontrados pacientes com DAOP severa. Entretanto, 54 pacientes (46,2%) apresentaram rigidez de parede vascular. Assim, foi possível verificar que 67 (57,3%) pacientes apresentaram o ITB alterado. Conclusão: a alta prevalência de DAOP em pacientes com doença renal crônica dialíticafoi análoga ao encontrado por outros autores. É importante ressaltar que pacientes com ITB > 1,3 podem gerar resultados falsos-negativos no diagnóstico de DAOP. Devido a isso, a prevalência pode estar subestimada, o que sugere que o ITB nesses pacientes deve ser avaliado com mais atenção.

Background: peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has a high prevalence in the general population and is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a simple noninvasive exam with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of PAD. Pathology may be associated with several risk factors, including terminal chronic kidney disease. However, data assessing their prevalence and risk factors in the chronic kidney disease population are scarce. Objectives: to determine the prevalence and risk factors of peripheral arterial disease in patients with dialytic chronic renal failure. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study that analyzed 117 patients with dialytic kidney disease. They were evaluated through a questionnaire to identify risk factors and were submitted to the ABI test, being considered a diagnosis of PAD when ABI <0.9. Results: the present study showed a prevalence of PAD in 11% of the patients, 10 classified as mild and 3 as moderate. No patients with severe PAD were found. However, 54 patients (46.2%) had vascular wall stiffness. Thus, it was possible to verify that 67 (57.3%) patients presented altered ABI. Conclusion: the high prevalence of PAD in patients with dialytic chronic kidney disease was similar to that found by other authors. It is important to highlight that patients with ABI> 1.3 may generate false negative results in the diagnosis of PAD. Because of this, the prevalence may be underestimated, suggesting that ABI in these patients should be evaluated more carefully.

Evaluation of the cardio-ankle vascular index in COVID-19 patients

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship and prognostic significance of cardio-ankle vascular index, which is a measure of arterial stiffness that can lead to endothelial dysfunction and poor cardiovascular issues in COVID-19 patients, with COVID-19. METHODS: The study included 115 patients, of which 65 patients in the case group with Real time reversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction test positive and diagnosed for COVID-19 and 50 volunteers in the control group. Patients with COVID-19 were classified as moderate/severe or mild COVID-19 in the subgroup analysis based on the severity of the disease. We investigated the relationship between cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 by using the VaSera VS-1000 device to automatically measure each patient's cardio-ankle vascular index and ankle-brachial pressure index. RESULTS: The mean age of participants included in the study was 65.7±10.7 years. Patients and volunteers were statistically similar in terms of age, gender, comorbidities, Charlson comorbidity index scores, and body mass index values (p>0.05). The right-cardio-ankle vascular index value was 9.6±2.4 in the case group and 8.5±1.1 in the control group (p=0.004). The left-cardio-ankle vascular index value was 9.4±2.7 in the case group and 8.5±1.2 in the control group (p=0.01). The right-cardio-ankle vascular index value was 10.8±3.4 in the moderate/severe disease group and 8.8±0.9 in the mild disease group (p=0.008). The left-cardio-ankle vascular index value was 10.7±3.6 in the moderate/severe disease group and 8.5±1.5 in the mild disease group (p<0.001). The right-cardio-ankle vascular index and left-cardio-ankle vascular index values were found to be significantly higher in COVID-19 patients in our study. When receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to distinguish moderate/severe COVID-19 patients from mild patients, right-cardio-ankle vascular index was area under the curve 0.757 (0.630-0.884), and left-cardio-ankle vascular index was area under the curve 0.782 (0.661-0.902). CONCLUSION: The right-cardio-ankle vascular index and left-cardio-ankle vascular index values increased in COVID-19 patients in our study, and this was thought to be prognostically significant.

Value of three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging in evaluating left ventricular systolic function and its correlation with peripheral arterial elasticity in children with simple obesity: a prospective study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the application of three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging in evaluating left ventricular systolic function and its correlation with peripheral arterial elasticity in children with simple obesity.@*METHODS@#Random sampling combined with convenience sampling was used to obtain research samples, and then the samples were divided into an obesity group (23 cases), an overweight group (21 cases), and a normal group (24 cases). Three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging was used to measure the global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), and global circumferential strain (GCS) of the left ventricle. An automatic arteriosclerosis tester was used to measure ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). These parameters were compared among the three groups. The correlation of three-dimensional speckle-tracking parameters with ABI and baPWV was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in GLS, GRS, and GCS between the obesity and normal groups (P>0.05). The overweight group had a significantly higher GLS than the normal group [(-24±7) vs (-19±12), P<0.05]. The obesity and overweight groups had a significantly lower ABI than the normal group [(1.00±0.09)/(1.09±0.13) vs (2.25±0.13), P<0.05). The obesity group had a significantly higher baPWV than the normal group [(978±109) vs (905±22), P<0.05]. In the children with obesity, GLS was positively correlated with baPWV (r=0.516, P<0.05) , but not correlated with ABI (P>0.05), and GCS and GRS had no significant correlation with ABI or baPWV (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are varying degrees of changes in left ventricular systolic function and peripheral arterial elasticity in children with simple obesity, and there is a certain correlation between them.

Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy of artery elasticity and endothelial function indexes for coronary heart disease with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women by Logistic regression combined with ROC curve model / 中国中药杂志

The present study explored the correlation of coronary heart disease(CHD) with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with artery elasticity and endothelial function indexes and evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of the prediction model via logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve model. A retrospective comparison was made between 366 postmenopausal CHD patients from August 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021, in the Department of Cardiology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, who were divided into the blood stasis syndrome group(n=196) and the non-blood stasis syndrome group(n=170). General clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to probe the correlation of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV), ankle-brachial index(ABI), and flow-mediated dilatation(FMD), and the ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the prediction model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with baPWV, ABI, and FMD were 1.123, 0.109, and 0.719, respectively(P=0.004, P=0.005, P<0.001),and the regression equation for predicting probability P was P=1/[1+e~(-(3.131+0.116×baPWV-2.217×ABI-0.330×FMD))]. ROC curve analysis suggested that in the context of baPWV≥19.19 m·s~(-1) or ABI≤1.22 or FMD≤9.7%, it was of great significance to predict the diagnosis of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women. The AUC of baPWV, ABI, FMD, and prediction probability P was 0.763, 0.607, 0.705, and 0.836, respectively. The AUC of prediction probability P was higher than that of each index alone(P<0.001), and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.888 and 0.647, respectively. The results demonstrate that baPWV, ABI, and FMD are independently correlated with CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women, and show certain independent predictive abilities(P<0.05). The combined evaluation of the three possesses the best diagnostic efficiency.

Association between the Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio and New-onset Subclinical Macrovascular and Microvascular Diseases in the Chinese Population / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#The association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with subclinical macrovascular and microvascular diseases has been less investigated. We sought to examine the association between NLR and new-onset subclinical macrovascular and microvascular abnormalities in the Chinese population.@*METHODS@#From a community cohort, we included 6,430 adults aged ≥ 40 years without subclinical macrovascular and microvascular diseases at baseline. We measured subclinical macrovascular and microvascular abnormalities separately using the ankle-brachial index (ABI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and albuminuria.@*RESULTS@#During a mean follow-up of 4.3 years, 110 participants developed incident abnormal ABI, 746 participants developed incident elevated baPWV, and 503 participants developed incident albuminuria. Poisson regression analysis indicated that NLR was significantly associated with an increased risk of new-onset abnormal ABI, elevated baPWV, and albuminuria. Compared to overweight/obese participants, we found a much stronger association between NLR and subclinical vascular abnormalities in participants with normal weight. Furthermore, we found an interaction between the NLR and body mass index (BMI) on the risk of new-onset abnormal ABI ( P for interaction: 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#NLR was associated with subclinical macrovascular and microvascular diseases in the Chinese population. Furthermore, in participants with normal weight, the association between NLR and subclinical vascular abnormalities was much stronger.

Diagnostic thresholds for absolute systolic toe pressure and toe-brachial index in diabetic foot screening

INTRODUCTION@#Identifying peripheral arterial disease (PAD) during diabetic foot screening (DFS) is crucial in reducing the risk of diabetic foot ulcerations and lower limb amputations. Screening assessments commonly used include absolute systolic toe pressure (ASTP) and toe-brachial index (TBI). There is a lack of research defining the threshold values of both assessment methods. We aimed to compare the accuracy of ASTP and TBI and establish optimal threshold values of ASTP and TBI with reference to the internationally accepted ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) screening test, for a multiethnic diabetic population in Singapore.@*METHODS@#A retrospective, observational study of DFS results from January 2017 to December 2017 was conducted. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted for ASTP and TBI using the internationally accepted ABPI cut-off value of ≤0.9 to indicate PAD.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1,454 patients with mean (standard deviation) age of 63.1 (12.4) years old were included. There were 50.8% men and 49.2% women, comprising 69.7% Chinese, 13.5% Indian, 10.1% Malay and 6.7% other ethnicities. Areas under the curve for ASTP and TBI were 0.89 (95% confidence interval [Cl] 0.85-0.94) and 0.94 (95% Cl 0.90-0.98), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Derived optimal threshold values to indicate ABPI≤0.9 for ASTP and TBI were <95.5mmHg (specificity 0.86, sensitivity 0.84) and <0.7 (specificity 0.89, sensitivity 0.95), respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#ASTP or TBI may be used to detect ABPI-determined PAD in DFS. The optimal threshold values derived from a multiethnic Asian diabetic population were <95.5mmHg for ASTP and <0.7 for TBI.

Contribuição do índice tornozelo-braquial na estratificação do risco cardiovascular / Contribution of the ankle-brachial index to cardiovascular risk stratification

doença arterial periférica (DAP) desponta atualmente como a terceira maior causa de morbidade cardiovascular por doença aterosclerótica no mundo, havendo nítida associação com a doença arterial coronária (DAC) e o acidente vascular encefálico (AVE). Sendo muitas vezes a primeira manifestação da aterosclerose sistêmica, seu correto diagnóstico pode levar à reestratificação de risco cardiovascular (RCV), principalmente em pacientes assintomáticos do ponto de vista cardiológico. Surge assim o índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB), padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico não-invasivo de DAP, como exame complementar de fácil acesso, baixo custo, passível de ser realizado ambulatorialmente e com resultado objetivo e de fácil interpretação, tornando-se um método acessível para avaliação da aterosclerose sistêmica. Diversos estudos amparam seu uso como complementação ao Escore de Risco de Framingham, aumentando a acurácia do mesmo e permitindo a reestratificação de pacientes, auxiliando assim na decisão clínica do tratamento a ser instituído, ou mesmo como fator de RCV isolado.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is currently the third leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity from atherosclerotic disease in the world, with a clear association with coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. As it is often the first manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis, its correct diagnosis can lead to cardiovascular risk (CVR) restratification, especially in asymptomatic cardiac patients. Thus, the ankle-brachial index (ABI), the gold standard for the non-invasive diagnosis of PAD, appears as a complementary exam that is easily accessible, low cost, capable of being performed in an outpatient clinic and with an objective and easy-to-interpret result, being an accessible method for assessing systemic atherosclerosis. Several studies support its use as a complement to the Framingham Risk Score, increasing its accuracy and allowing the restratification of patients, thus assisting in the clinical decision of the treatment to be instituted, or even as an isolated CVR.

Estudio Descriptivo: Frecuencia y factores de riesgo de la enfermedad arterial periférica en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus II del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca / Descriptive Study: Frequency and risk factors of peripheral arterial disease in patients with type II Diabetes Mellitus of Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) es más frecuente en pacientes conDiabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) que en la población general, convirtiéndolos en un grupo de alto riesgo de morbimortalidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de EAP, mediante la medición del ITB y la frecuencia de sus factores de riesgo en los pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con una muestra aleatoria simple de pacientes con diagnóstico de DM2 que acudieron a consulta externa del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca-Ecuador, en el año 2017 (315 pacientes).Se aplicó una entrevista a los pacientes con datos sobre las características sociodemográficas y ciertos antecedentes médicos de importancia para el estudio; se determinó el ITB; se valoraron los exámenes complementarios de laboratorio realizados en los seis meses previos al estudio. Finalmente, se describieron frecuencias y porcentajes de cada una de las variables, se utilizó el programa IBM SPSS versión 22. RESULTADOS: Del total de pacientes se observó un promedio de edad de 62.9 años, con predominio del sexo femenino. Se determinó que la frecuencia de EAP en los pacientes con DM2 fue del 35.30%. LA EAP fue más frecuente en: el grupo de edad mayor a 50 años (38.8%), el sexo masculino (43.9%), en el grupo de pacientes con tiempo de evolución de la DM2 ≥ a 5 años (35.5%), en los pacientes con tabaquismo (38.4%), en los pacientes con niveles elevados de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c ≥7%) (40.6%), los pacientes con hipertrigliceridemia, en los pacientes con LDL elevado y en hombres con HDL por debajo de valores normales. CONCLUSIÓN: Podemos concluir que la frecuencia de enfermedad arterial periférica en los pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, utilizando el índice tobillo brazo como método diagnóstico fue del 35.30%.(au)

BACKGROUND: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is more common in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) than in the general population, making them a high-risk group for morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of peripheral arterial disease, by measuring ankle-brachial index, and the frequency of its risks factors in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. METHODOS: descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a simply randomized sample of patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, who attended the outpatient clinic of Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca - Ecuador, in 2017 ( 315 patients). An interview was applied to the patients, to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and certain important medical history; ankle-brachial index was determined; complementary laboratory tests made six months prior to the study were evaluated. Finally, frequencies and percentages of each variable were described; we used IMB SPSS version 22 software. RESULTS: Of the total number of patients, the average age was 62.9 years, with a predominance of the female sex. The frequency of PAD in patients with DM2 was 35.30%. PAD was more frequent in: age group over 50 years (38.8%), male sex (43.9%), disease evolution time ≥ 5 years (35.5%), in smoking patients(38.4%), in patients with elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c ≥7%)(40.6%),in patients with hypertriglyceridemia, in patients with elevated LDL and in men with low HDL values. CONCLUSION: we can conclude that the peripheral arterial disease frequency in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, using the ankle-brachial index as a diagnostic method was 35.50%.(au)

High ankle-brachial index predicts cardiovascular events and mortality in hemodialysis patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism / Índice tornozelo-braquial elevado prediz eventos e mortalidade cardiovasculares nos pacientes em hemodiálise com hiperparatireoidismo secundário grave

Abstract Introduction: Vascular calcification related to severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is an important cause of cardiovascular and bone complications, leading to high morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The present study aimed to analyze whether ankle-brachial index (ABI), a non-invasive diagnostic tool, is able to predict cardiovascular outcomes in this population. Methods: We selected 88 adult patients on HD for at least 6 months, with serum iPTH>1,000pg/mL. We collected clinical data, biochemical and hormonal parameters, and ABI (sonar-Doppler). Calcification was assessed by lateral radiography of the abdomen and by simple vascular calcification score (SVCS). This cohort was monitored prospectively between 2012 and 2019 for cardiovascular outcomes (death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and calciphylaxis) to estimate the accuracy of ABI in this setting. Results: The baseline values were: iPTH: 1770±689pg/mL, P: 5.8±1.2 mg/dL, corrected Ca: 9.7±0.8mg/dL, 25(OH)vit D: 25.1±10.9ng/mL. Sixty-five percent of patients had ABI>1.3 (ranging from 0.6 to 3.2); 66% had SVCS≥3, and 45% aortic calcification (Kauppila≥8). The prospective evaluation (51.6±24.0 months), provided the following cardiovascular outcomes: 11% of deaths, 17% of nonfatal MI, one stroke, and 3% of calciphylaxis. After adjustments, patients with ABI≥1.6 had 8.9-fold higher risk of cardiovascular events (p=0.035), and ABI≥1.8 had 12.2-fold higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (p=0.019). Conclusion: The presence of vascular calcifications and arterial stiffness was highly prevalent in our population. We suggest that ABI, a simple and cost-effective diagnostic tool, could be used at an outpatient basis to predict cardiovascular events in patients with severe SHPT undergoing HD.

Resumo Introdução: A calcificação vascular relacionada ao hiperparatireoidismo secundário (HPTS) grave é uma causa importante de complicações cardiovasculares e ósseas, levando a alta morbidade e mortalidade em pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) em hemodiálise (HD). O presente estudo objetivou analisar se o índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB), uma ferramenta diagnóstica não invasiva, pode predizer desfechos cardiovasculares nesta população. Métodos: Selecionamos 88 adultos em HD há pelo menos 6 meses, com PTHi sérico>1.000pg/mL. Coletamos dados clínicos, parâmetros bioquímicos e hormonais, e ITB (sonar-Doppler). A calcificação foi avaliada por radiografia lateral do abdome e por escore de calcificação vascular simples (ECVS). Esta coorte foi monitorada prospectivamente entre 2012 e 2019 para desfechos cardiovasculares (óbito, infarto do miocárdio (IM), acidente vascular cerebral e calcifilaxia) para estimar a precisão do ITB neste cenário. Resultados: Os valores basais foram: PTHi: 1770±689pg/mL, P: 5,8±1,2 mg/dL, Ca corrigido: 9,7±0,8mg/dL, 25(OH)vit D: 25,1±10,9ng/Ml; 65% dos pacientes apresentaram ITB>1,3 (variando de 0,6 a 3,2); 66% tiveram ECVS≥3, e 45% calcificação da aorta (Kauppila≥8). A avaliação prospectiva (51,6±24,0 meses) forneceu os seguintes desfechos cardiovasculares: 11% de óbitos, 17% de IM não fatal, um AVC, 3% de calcifilaxia. Após ajustes, pacientes com ITB≥1,6 tiveram risco 8,9 vezes maior de eventos cardiovasculares (p=0,035), e ITB≥1,8 apresentaram risco 12,2 vezes maior de mortalidade cardiovascular (p=0,019). Conclusão: A presença de calcificações vasculares e rigidez arterial foi altamente prevalente em nossa população. Sugerimos o ITB, uma ferramenta diagnóstica simples e econômica, para ser usada em ambulatório para prever eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes com HPTS grave em HD.

Prevalencia de enfermedad arterial oclusiva crónica de extremidades inferiores en pacientes de alto riesgo cardiovascular pertenecientes a un centro de atención primaria mediante el uso del índice tobillo-brazo / Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease of lower extremities in high cardiovascular risk patients from primary care using the ankle-brachial index

Resumen Objetivo: La enfermedad arterial oclusiva crónica de extremidades inferiores (EAOC EEII) ha sido subestimada y subdiagnosticada especialmente a nivel de atención primaria. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de EAOC EEII en pacientes de alto riesgo cardiovascular pertenecientes a un centro de salud familiar. Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional de corte transversal. Se calculó un tamaño muestral de 246 pacientes, con una potencia estadística del 80% y un nivel de confianza del 95%, seleccionándolos aleatoriamente de 1.361 pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular alto del CESFAM Cordillera Andina, a quienes se les realizó la medición del índice tobillobrazo (ITB). Se estimaron IC 95% para cada media y porcentaje reportado, considerándose un valor de p significativo menor de 0,05 en las pruebas estadísticas utilizadas. Resultados: Se observó un ITB < 0,9 en el 43,2% (114), donde el 33,7% (89) refería síntomas de claudicación intermitente, mientras que un 9,5% (25) se encontraba asintomático. El mayor porcentaje de pacientes con EAOC EEII se observó en el grupo etario entre 60 y 80 años, que en conjunto alcanzaba el 85,1% de los pacientes con esta patología, siendo significativamente menor en pacientes menores de 60 y mayores de 80 años (p < 0,001). Conclusión: Encontramos una prevalencia de enfermedad arterial oclusiva crónica de extremidades inferiores de un 43,2% en pacientes de riesgo cardiovascular alto, quienes no presentaban este diagnóstico previamente. El índice tobillobrazo corresponde a un examen simple, rápido y con una gran utilidad diagnóstica por lo que debería considerarse su incorporación en las guías ministeriales para la evaluación de pacientes cardiovasculares en atención primaria.

Aim: The peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has been underestimated and underdiagnosed particularly at primary care setting. Our aim was to calculate the prevalence of PAD in high cardiovascular risk patients from a primary care center. Materials and Method: Is an observational, cross section study. We calculated a sample size of 246 patients, with a power of 80% and a significance level of 95%, who were selected randomly from 1.361 high cardiovascular risk patients according to the Framingham score, who attended at Cordillera Andina primary care center, measuring the anklebrachial index (ABI) in this group of patients. A 95% confidence interval was calculated for each mean and proportion and a p value less than 0.05 were considered as significant for all statistic tests. Results: We found an ABI < 0.9 in the 43.2% (114) of the sample, where 33.7% (89) presented symptoms of intermittent claudication, while 9.5% (25) did not have symptoms. The highest proportion of PAD was detected in patients between 60 and 80 years, who represented 85.1% of the patients with PAD, being significantly less its prevalence in people under 60 and over 80 years (p < 0.001). Conclusion: A prevalence of PAD of 43.2% in high cardiovascular risk patients who did not have this diagnosis before was found. The anklebrachial index is an easy, fast and very useful test to diagnose PAD in the majority of patients at primary care level, as consequent, its incorporation to clinical guidelines should be evaluated.

Ankle-brachial index and subclinical atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of altered ankle-brachial index (<0.9 or >1.3) in patients with type 1 diabetes and to compare it with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis by carotid ultrasound. METHODS: Prospective, cross-sectional study in which 45 adults with type 1 diabetes were evaluated (age 34±10 years, 46.7% men). The data collected included anamnesis, clinical evaluation, calculation of the ankle-brachial index (relationship between systolic blood pressure in the ankle and brachial artery), and performance of carotid ultrasound. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients had ankle-brachial index >1.3 (66.7%) and no patient had ankle-brachial index <0.9. Carotid echocardiography was performed on 21 patients, 4 (19%) of whom had atherosclerosis. Age >35 years and ankle-brachial index >1.4 showed a good correlation with atherosclerosis (r=0.49, p=0.021; r=0.56, p=0.008, respectively). A model associating age >35 years and ankle-brachial index >1.4 showed an excellent relationship with atherosclerosis (r=0.59, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that vascular calcification (ankle-brachial index >1.4) was frequent in this population with type 1 diabetes and associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. A model combining ankle-brachial index >1.4 and age >35 years showed an excellent correlation with atherosclerosis and can assist in clinical suspicion and optimize the request for additional tests.

Factores de riesgo asociados a la enfermedad arterial periférica en pacientes diagnosticados mediante índice tobillo brazo / Risk factors associated with peripheral arterial disease in patients diagnosed using the ankle-brachial index

Introducción: La enfermedad arterial periférica es bien conocida como predictor de morbilidad y mortalidad cardiovascular y cerebrovascular, de ahí la importancia de reconocer sus factores de riesgo. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a la enfermedad arterial periférica en pacientes diagnosticados por el índice tobillo brazo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico transversal, entre el 1ro de septiembre y 30 de noviembre de 2019. El universo fue de 290 pacientes, se trabajó con una muestra de 120, determinada por un muestreo aleatorio simple. Se emplearon estadígrafos descriptivos e inferenciales: prueba t de Student, el odds ratio de prevalencia y la regresión logística binomial. Resultados: Fueron categorizados con índice tobillo brazo < 0,9 un total de 43 pacientes (35,8 por ciento). La media de edad de la población fue de 58,43 ± 16,69. El sexo femenino predominó con 61 pacientes (50,8 por ciento). El índice de masa corporal promedio fue de 24,29 ± 3,29 kg/m2. La hipertensión arterial fue el factor de riesgo más frecuente presentándose en 67,5 por ciento de los pacientes. Se identificaron como factores de riesgo de índice tobillo brazo < 0,9 a la edad ≥ 60 años (OR: 6,41; IC 95 por ciento: 2,04-20,1; p=0,001); la hipertensión arterial (OR: 2,99; IC 95 por ciento: 1,02-8,73; p=0,045); la diabetes mellitus (OR: 3,89; IC 95 por ciento: 1,34-11,3; p=0,012) y la dislipidemia (OR: 4,35; IC 95 por ciento: 1,27-14,8; p=0,019). Conclusiones: La edad avanzada, la hipertensión arterial, la diabetes mellitus y la dislipidemia constituyeron factores de riesgo asociados a la enfermedad arterial periférica(AU)

Introduction: Peripheral arterial disease is well known as a predictor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality, hence the importance of recognizing its risk factors. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with peripheral arterial disease in patients diagnosed by the ankle brachial index. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical observational study was carried out from September 1 to November 30, 2019. The universe consisted of 290 patients, a sample of 120 was used, determined by simple random sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used: Student's t test, prevalence odds ratio, and binomial logistic regression. Results: A total of 43 patients (35.8%) were categorized with ankle brachial index <0.9. The mean age of the population was 58.43 ± 16.69. The female sex predominated with 61 patients (50.8 percent). The average body mass index was 24.29 ± 3.29 kg / m2. Hypertension was the most frequent risk factor in 67.5 percent of the patients. Risk factors were identified in ankle brachial index <0.9 at age ≥60 years (OR: 6.41; 95 percent CI: 2.04-20.1; p = 0.001); arterial hypertension (OR: 2.99; 95 percent CI: 1.02-8.73; p = 0.045); diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.89; 95 percent CI: 1.34-11.3; p = 0.012) and dyslipidemia (OR: 4.35; 95 percent CI: 1.27-14.8; p = 0.019). Conclusions: Advanced age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were risk factors associated with peripheral arterial disease(AU)

Correlação entre o tempo de aceleração plantar, o índice tornozelo braquial e os escores SVS-WIfI em pacientes com isquemia crônica ameaçadora do membro / Plantar acceleration time correlates with WIfI stages in both non-diabetic and diabetic patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia

RESUMO Introdução: A avaliação hemodinâmica dos membros pelo índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) em pacientes diabéticos com isquemia crônica ameaçadora dos membros pode estar falsamente elevada devido à calcinose da camada média das artérias. Alternativas como medidas de pressão do dedo do pé, pressão transcutânea de oxigênio (TCPO2) ou pletismografia não estão disponíveis na maioria das unidades vasculares no mundo. Uma nova abordagem diagnóstica por meio da análise espectral do fluxo ao Doppler na artéria plantar lateral do pé mostrou correlação com o grau de isquemia do membro e os estágios de risco de amputação do sistema de classificação (SVS-WIfI). Objetivo: Determinar a acurácia do Tempo de Aceleração Plantar (TAP) em relação ao Índice Tornozelo-Braquial (ITB) e os estágios de risco de amputação do sistema de classificação SVS-WIfI em pacientes com isquemia crônica ameaçadora do membro (Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia-CLTI). Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado na Unidade de Cirurgia Vascular do Hospital Universitário Risoleta Tolentino Neves, Brasil, entre junho de 2019 e março de 2020, incluindo pacientes maiores de 18 anos, portadores de CLTI. Os dados coletados nos prontuários foram: dados demográficos, comorbidades, ITB e mensuração do TAP. Os indivíduos foram categorizados em três graus com base no ITB (ITB <0,8; ITB <0,6; ITB <0,4) e dois graus com base no risco de amputação (1-muito baixo e baixo; 2- moderado e alto), de acordo com a Classificação SVS-WIfI. A correlação do ITB e do risco de amputação com o TAP foi feita por meio da correlação de Spearman. Sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo, valor preditivo negativo e acurácia também foram calculados através das curvas ROC (Receiver Operator CharacCurves) Resultados: Cento e oitenta e quatro pacientes consecutivos (265 membros inferiores) foram encaminhados para exame de ultrassonografia vascular com Doppler do membro inferior. 141 pacientes (74 diabéticos e 67 não diabéticos), 198 membros inferiores (104 diabéticos e 94 não diabéticos) atenderam aos critérios e foram incluídos para análise. O TAP correlacionou-se significativamente com o ITB e o risco de amputação (P <0,001) em ambos os grupos. A acurácia do TAP para detectar ITB<0,8 foi de até 91% no grupo diabético e 85% no grupo não diabético. Da mesma forma, para o diagnóstico de ITB<0,6 em pacientes diabéticos, observamos uma acurácia de 79% e em não diabéticos essa acurácia foi de 85%. Para detectar um ITB inferior a 0,4, a acurácia atingiu 88% em pacientes diabéticos e 87% em não diabéticos. No grupo diabético e não diabético, a acurácia do PAT para detectar SVS de risco moderado e alto de amputação atingiu 77%. O TAP se correlacionou com precisão com o ITB e os escores SVS-WifI. Conclusões: O tempo de aceleração plantar demonstrou alta correlação com o ITB e os estágios de classificação de isquemia e risco de amputação do sistema de classificação SVS-WIfI com alta sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia em pacientes com isquemia crônica com risco de membro.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Limb hemodynamic evaluation through ankle-brachial index (ABI) in diabetic patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia may be falsely elevated due to the calcinosis of the arteries media layer. Alternatives as toe pressure measurements, transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TCPO2) or plethysmography are not readily available in most of the vascular units in the world. A new diagnostic approach through Spectral Doppler analysis of the flow in the lateral plantar artery of the foot has shown correlation with the grade of the limb ischemia and amputation risk stages of the Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) classification system and ABI. Objective: to determine the accuracy of Plantar Acceleration Time (TAP) compared to the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) and the amputation risk stages of the SVS-WIfI classification system in patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). Methods: a cross-sectional study at the Vascular Surgery Unit at the university Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves, in Brazil, between June 2019 and March 2020, included patients >18 years, with CLTI. Data collected from medical records were demographics, comorbidities, ABI and measurement of TAP. Individuals were categorized in three degrees based on their ABI (ABI < 0,8; ABI < 06; ABI <0,4) and two degrees based on their amputation risk (1-very low and low; 2- moderate and high), according to SVS-WIfI classification. The correlation of ABI and amputation risk with TAP was made through Spearman's correlation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were also calculated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves Results: A hundred eighty-four consecutive patients (265 lower limbs) were referred to the vascular imaging unit for an arterial lower limb vascular ultrasound examination. 141 patients (74 diabetic and 67 non-diabetic), 198 lower limbs (104 diabetic and 94 non-diabetic) met the criteria and were included for analysis. Plantar Acceleration Time correlated significantly with ABI and amputation risk (P < 0.001) in both groups. The accuracy of PAT to detect ABI<0.8 was up to 91% in diabetic group and 85% in non-diabetic group. Likewise, for diagnosing ABI <0.6 in diabetic patients, we observed an accuracy of 79% and in non-diabetics this accuracy was 85%. To detect an ABI lower than 0.4, the accuracy reached 88% in diabetic patients and 87% in non-diabetics. In the diabetic and non-diabetic group, the accuracy of PAT to detect moderate and high amputation risk WIfI SVS reached 77%. PAT accurately correlates with ABI and WIfI-SVS scores. Conclusions: Measurement of the Plantar Acceleration Time demonstrates high correlation with ABI and the Ischemia grading and amputation risk stages of the SVS-WIfI classification system with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia.

Faible performances diagnostiques de l'IPS cheville de repos par rapport au doppler artériel des membres inférieurs dans le diagnostic de l'AOMI chez le patient coronarien: à propos d'une série hospitalière / Weak diagnostic performance of resting ankle ABI compared with lower limb's arterial Doppler in the diagnosis of PAD in coronary patients: about a hospital serial study

Introduction. L'index de pression systolique (IPS) est considéré comme un outil indispensable, pour la prise en charge de l'artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs (AOMI), cependant un complément d'exploration par les autres testes physiologiques, IPS au gros orteil et IPS effort s'impose afin de réduire le nombre des faux négatifs. Objectif. Démontrer le faible apport de l'IPS cheville de repos par rapport à l'échodoppler artériel des membres inférieurs dans le diagnostic de l'AOMI. Matériels et méthodes. Sur une série de 300 malades coronariens consécutifs durant l'année 2016 hospitalisés dans le service de cardiologie de l'hôpital universitaire de Constantine, un dépistage de l'AOMI a été réalisé par les investigations suivantes : Mesure de l'IPS à la cheville, compléter par la mesure de l'IPS a l'orteil si incompressibilité artérielle et par la mesure de l'IPS d'effort si l'IPS de repos est limite. Un échodoppler artériel des membres inférieurs a été réalisée par un échographe vividE9 General Electric pour l'ensemble de nos malades, en utilisant une sonde à balayage linéaire 12L, destinée à l'exploration vasculaire périphérique permettant d'obtenir un dépistage ciblé, Le traitement et l'exploitation des données ont fait appel au logiciel SPSS22. Résultats. Une sensibilité modérée de l'ordre de 50%, face à une spécificité élevée avoisinant 100% de l'IPS cheville de repos par rapport à l'échodoppler artériel des membres inférieurs. Sensibilité nettement améliorer après complément par les autres testes physiologiques qui sont la prise de l'IPS cheville effort et la mesure de l'index de pression systolique au gros orteil. Conclusion. L'examen vasculaire des membres inférieurs associe à la mesure de l'IPS cheville couplée aux autres testes physiologique (IPS au gros orteil et IPS effort) assurent une bonne sensibilité et spécificité diagnostiques de l'AOMI

Isquemia de extremidades inferiores secundaria a arteritis de la arteria temporal

Giant cell arteritis is more common in women older than 60 years, is associated with systemic inflammation symptoms and mainly involves the aortic arch and cranial arteries, specially the temporal artery. Symptomatic lower extremity arterial stenosis or occlusion is uncommon and can lead to limb loss. We report a 73-year-old woman presenting with a one-month history of lower extremity intermittent claudication of sudden onset. She also complained of fever, malaise, headache and weight loss. A non-invasive vascular study showed moderate femoral popliteal occlusive disease, with and abnormal ankle-brachial index (0.68 and 0.83 on right and left sides, respectively). An angio-computed tomography showed thickening of the aortic wall and severe stenosis in both superficial femoral arteries. Steroidal treatment was started, and a temporal artery biopsy was performed confirming giant cell arteritis. Six weeks after steroid therapy the patient had a complete remission of symptoms. A serologic exacerbation was subsequently treated with a humanized monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor Tocilizumab, obtaining long time remission.

Ambulatory arterial stiffness index in diabetic patients / Índice de rigidez arterial ambulatorio en pacientes diabéticos

ABSTRACT Background The ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI), derived from 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) can be a good indicator of arterial stiffness. Aim To assess the correlation between AASI and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), ankle-brachial index (ABI) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without hypertension. Material and Methods Cross sectional study in 28 diabetic patients aged 49 ± 7 years (40% women). AASI was calculated as 1 minus the regression slope of diastolic on systolic blood pressure, using ABPM data. ABPM was measured in the arm using an oscillometric device. ABI was calculated as the ratio between ankle and brachial systolic blood pressure. CAVI was derived from pulse wave velocity using the Vasera VS-1000 device. Correlations were calculated using a bivariate Spearman correlation. Results The mean values for AASI, ABI, baPWV and CAVI were 0.39 ± 0.14, 1.14 ± 0.09, 15.15 ± 2.71 m/s and 7.60 ± 1.90, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between AASI and ABI (r = -0.491, p < 0.01). Conclusions In these diabetic patients, there was an association between AASI, an arterial stiffness marker and ABI, an indicator for the presence of atherosclerosis.

Antecedentes El índice de rigidez arterial ambulatorio (AASI), derivado del monitoreo ambulatorio de presión arterial de 24 h (MAPA), puede ser un buen indicador de rigidez arterial. Objetivo Evaluar la correlación entre el AASI y la velocidad de onda de pulso braquial (VOP), el índice tobillo-brazo (ITB) y el índice vascular cardio-tobillo (CAVI) en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 sin hipertensión arterial. Material y Métodos Estudio transversal en 28 pacientes con diabetes de 49 ± 7 años (40% mujeres). El AASI se calculó como 1 menos la pendiente de regresión de la presión arterial diastólica sobre la sistólica, usando datos del MAPA de 24 h, el cual se midió en el brazo, usando un dispositivo oscilométrico. El ITB se calculó como la razón entre la presión arterial sistólica del tobillo sobre la del brazo. El CAVI se derivó de la velocidad de onda de pulso medida con el dispositivo Vasera VS-1000. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación bivariada de Spearman. Resultados Los valores de AASI, VOP, ITB y CAVI fueron 0.39 ± 0.14, 1.14 ± 0.09, 15.15 ± 2.71 m/s y 7.60 ± 1.90, respectivamente. Hubo una correlación negativa significativa entre AASI e ITB (r = -0.491, p < 0.01). Conclusiones Hay una asociación entre AASI, un marcador de rigidez arterial e ITB, un indicador de aterosclerosis, en estos pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.